XML is a specification, similar to HTML, developed by the World Wide Web Consortium for Web documents. Scientists of C. E. R. N. used TeX or Post Script for their documents at that time, a few used Standard Generalised Mark-up Language. Size: Snooker tables are significantly larger than pool tables, with the standard size being 12 feet by 6 feet. They were the first microprocessors for general purposes, and became the standard for many microcomputers. These first implementations of TCP/IP were for systems like Tenex or Tops 20, before the commercial release of the first microcomputers in 1975. Doubts were then raised as to whether or not TCP/IP might be too complex for microcomputers. 1978: microprocessor Intel 8086 of 1 Megabyte of 16 bits (used in the first IBM Personal Computer-XT). 1977: Apple II, microcomputer of 8 bits (Apple Computer Corporation), based on MOS Technology 6502. 1977: David Clark and his group at the Massachussets Institute of Technology demonstrate that TCP/IP can be simplified for operating with microcomputers, producing a first implementation for the Alto of Xerox at Palo Alto Research Centre (first personal work station and graphic operating system), and in 1981 a second implementation for IBM Personal Computer.

April 1973: Robert Kahn summons Vinton Cerf (Stanford Research Institute), an expert in Network Control Protocol and in existing operating systems, for developing the new protocol for the Internet project, called just TCP but in reality having the two protocols in one, TCP as well as IP. This new one would be later called Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, whose fundamental characteristics were defined by Mr. Kahn in a report named "Communication Principles for Operating Systems": -Each local area network is independent, internal changes are not mandatory for its connection to Internet. An incomplete transmission of packets is re-transmitted a number of times, defined by a "time-out" limit. Black boxes (later called gateways and routers) connect local area networks, but do not keep data on passing packets. The original idea for the protocol is definitely separated in two protocols: TCP to control flux or recuperate lost packets, and IP to address or route packets. A User Datagramme Protocol is added for programmes that need only IP, choosing not to use the control that is provided by TCP. Sequential programming was the rule until 1971 or so, and continue being the practice today for minor programmes.

Its main characteristics are: -Communication through a long chain of bytes (called "octets", for being usual at that time the bytes composed of eight bits). The position of any octet in the chain is used to identify the octet. In a short time and until the early 1980's most microcomputers had the CP/M system or were programmable in Basic, resident in Read Only Memory. After three years trying to convince Intel, Mister Kildall formed his own company, Intergalactic Digital Research, which marketed CP/M in 1976 with the name of Control Programme for Microcomputers or Control Programme Monitor. Gopher went into a slow continuous decline after the spread of the HTTP-HTML 'World Wide Web' of Mister Berners Lee. 1992: Lib WWW line-mode Web browser for Unics, later for Windows and other platforms and systems. 1994: Web Crawler search engine, only for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. The new protocol was applied to Arpanet, Packet Radio and Packet Satellite. The Ethernet network system was in 1973 under development by Bob Metcalfe at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre, but the proliferation of local area networks or of microcomputers was not yet foreseen in late 1973, therefore the original model of Internet was based on the concept of a few national networks such as Arpanet, Packet Radio or Packet Satellite.

European nations involved with Packet Satellite, Internet Research Group, for research and exchange of ideas on the network, Internet Configuration Control Board led by David Clark, for helping Mister Cerf with management of the growing Internet. 1971: twenty-three North American universities or research institutions have computers connected to Arpanet. It was even regularly taught in North American schools, much as a natural human language. Late 1970's: networks for specific purposes make their appearance in North America, such as MFEnet and HEPnet (Department of Energy), Span (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), CSnet (by Rick Adrion, David Farber and Larry Landweber, initially subsided by the National Science Foundation), Usenet (not limited to a community of specialists, it was based on the Unix to Unix Copy Communications Protocol for Unix operating system of Bell American Telegraph & Telephone). Late 1970's: Vinton Cerf (Director of the Internet Project of DARPA) formed some specific groups: Internet Cooperation Board led by Peter Kirstein (U.

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