Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp is a crucial tool in helping a loved one live independently in their home. If not designed correctly they could be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They also must provide a grippy surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards so that wheelchairs are able to maneuver the structure with ease. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings should be level at any change in direction or shift in the ramp surface. It must also be constructed from treated lumber which is more durable than untreated and is able to withstand rain better.

The top and bottom of the ramp need to be clear of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that may hinder the safe passage of the ramp's user. Additionally, the surface of the ramp must be smooth and non-slip. Some municipalities require an anti-slip running surface along the ramp's entire length.

Use treated lumber at minimum 4 inches in width for the ramp frame. Make posts to support the ramp, ensuring that they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend above ground level. Spindles are the best way to connect the posts to the railings of the ramp. This type of connection decreases the risk of a ramp operator slipping off the ramp.

Then, build the frame for the ramp using joists that are at most 16 inches long and 2 by 4 inch beams. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they are secured with joist hangers which are nails that hold the inside of the joists and stop them from sliding out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway to enable people with disabilities to navigate the doorswing without difficulty. The landing should be 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. For doors with in-swing, the landing must be at least 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold and a person using wheelchair who must move backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing whenever you change in the direction of the ramp to prevent the requirement for wheelchairs to step on their brakes while turning corners. A level landing is easier to remove a ramp of the way if required, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can pass beneath it.

Materials

The materials used to construct a wheelchair ramp can be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installer can help you select the most suitable option for your office or home. When choosing the material for the ramp, it's important to take into account your budget and specific needs. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it must be safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be laid with a non-slip surface.

Before you purchase any materials or begin construction, make sure you have the necessary permits from your local government and ensure that you adhere to all building codes within your area. Incorrect construction materials or techniques can create dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find current construction guidelines in your local government building department or library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps are the most affordable alternative for ADA ramp materials. However they need more maintenance. Wood ramps must be treated regularly with sealers to prevent decay. Wood splinters can be a problem, and can be especially hazardous for people in wheelchairs. Wood ramps might also require additional support to ensure the structure remains in place and stable.

Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time, but they can be costly. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to put in them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp when no longer needed. Concrete ramps can withstand the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.

Aluminum metal ramps for wheelchair are lighter than concrete or steel however they possess the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than iron or steel which makes them an ideal choice for those on a tight budget. Aluminum is also green because it is found naturally in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled.

The upper ramp's landing should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold in order to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to pass over it without becoming stuck. Ramps with a gap higher than this meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the upper landing and the ground surface. The last section of the ramp must have a an angled transition to prevent an abrupt stop for wheelchairs when they exit or enter an apartment.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is a ramp that has a plane ramp that can be used as an alternative to or in the place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users and people who use carts or strollers to navigate areas that are otherwise difficult to reach like a front door or a set up of steep steps.

When choosing a wheelchair accessible ramp, there are numerous aspects to take into consideration, including the location, height, and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be located close to the door as is possible to help prevent unnecessary transportation. It should be set at a level where the person using it can easily walk on it. It should also be anchored to the ground and free of obstructions, such as the trees or cars parked.

ADA regulations require that ramps should have handrails on either side. These rails should be at least 36 inches apart and have the gripping surface smooth or rounded. They should also be connected to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches over it. If the ramp has switchbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails must be continuous between the ramp's edges.

The length of a ramp is contingent on the slope, however there are several basic ramp types that are suitable for most situations. A threshold ramp, for instance is placed flush against the lip of the curb or threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are however are able to be moved to another place and come in various sizes. There are also aluminum ramps with modular design that can be constructed on-site. These ramps are usually used in public or commercial areas, and tend to be longer.

If you're thinking of a permanent ramp, be sure to check with the building department of your city to determine if you'll need permits. Also, you should consult an expert in mobility ramps for wheelchairs about the kind of ramp that is best for your needs and the space. In certain cases, installing a permanent ramp can even increase the value of your home.

Maintenance

It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, particularly if you will be using it frequently. It is essential to conduct regular inspections and address any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements, and is safe for the users.

Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is required to remove debris and dirt that can block access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also prevent moisture from trapping under the surface and leading to the onset of rot. The wood preservatives or stains only work only if the ramp is thoroughly cleaned prior to applying.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps as they are more likely wear and tear. The most important thing is to make sure you have the right tools for the job. A set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be vital to ensure that all fixings are tight and secure. You should also regularly inspect the handrails to see if there are signs of damage or corrosion. Over time, and with repeated usage, it's possible for the fittings or bolts that hold on the handrails to come loose. This could pose a safety concern for anyone who is using the ramp.

Another important factor is ensuring the surface of the ramp has enough grip, especially in winter, when conditions can be a challenge. You'll need to sweep away any dirt, leaves or other debris that might block and cause slippage. In addition, you'll want to apply a non-corrosive ice melt on the ramp's surface prior to winter arrives to avoid slips and injury.

If you're planning to use your ramp during winter, consider investing in traction wheels or "snow tires" for your wheelchair van ramp. These wheels are designed to be more efficient on slippery and snowy surfaces. They can help you stay on your ramp for longer than normal wheelchair tires. You can also place heating pads or tape on the ramp surface to help melt snow and ice before it accumulates.